Unified Solutions of Triple-A in 4G-LTE Networks
Though 3G technologies deliver appreciably bigger bit premiums than 2G systems, there is nevertheless a good possibility for wi-fi services companies to concentrate on the demand for "wireless broadband". There is an rising chance from a increasing amount of buyers and small business pros who are demanding the similar encounter and programs that they get pleasure from on a mounted wire line connection around wireless -- anywhere, any material, stationary or cell.
The remedy is LTE, (3GPP Prolonged Time period Evolution), the next-era community past 3G. In addition to enabling fastened to cellular migrations of World wide web programs such as Voice more than IP (VoIP), video clip streaming, songs downloading, mobile Tv and several other individuals, LTE networks will also offer the potential to assistance in desire for connectivity from a new era of client gadgets tailored to individuals new cellular apps.
DIAMETER protocol is an extension of RADIUS which is supposed to supply an Authentication, Authorization and Accounting (Triple-A) framework for apps this kind of as Network entry or IP-mobility.
Unified Triple-A option Architecture in LTE
Triple-A Diameter is the favored remedy over its counterpart RADIUS protocol and is getting widely adopted in with globe markets right now. Since of prospective benefits of diameter in excess of RADIUS and considerable features to cater the 3GPP outdated releases and new LTE specifications along with other system like IMS, diameter is suggested in the LTE specification as an unified options.
Triple-A for 3GPP Program Access
The 3GPP Triple-A server is located within the 3GPP HPLMN (Residence General public Land Cell Networks). It performs the Triple-A functions and could also act as an Triple-A proxy server. For WLAN 3GPP IP Accessibility it offers authorization, policy enforcement and routing information to the PDG, WAG and WLAN AN. For charging, the 3GPP Triple-A Server:
o Generates and studies charging/accounting details to the CDF.
o Performs offline charging management for the WLAN AN.
o Performs RADIUS to Diameter and vice versa protocol transformation when important.
Triple-A for Non-3GPP Technique Entry
The 3GPP SAE (3rd Generation Partnership Undertaking Method Architecture Evolution) relevant requirements are just about fully defined besides for some comprehensive requirements. Amid them is the PDN GW (Packet Knowledge Network Gateway) assortment for non-3GPP IP (Net Protocol) accessibility.
At present, the PDN GW variety functionality interacts with the 3GPP Triple-A (Authentication, Authorization and Accounting) server or the 3GPP Triple-A proxy and employs subscriber info furnished by the HSS (House Subscriber Server) to the 3GPP Triple-A server.
Throughout the first authorization, PDN GW variety details for each and every of the subscribed PDNs is returned to the non-3GPP entry system. The PDN GW variety facts incorporates an IP address of a PDN GW and an APN (Accessibility Position Identify).
Charging & Billing for LTE/SAE
Mobile networks have adopted many technologies throughout their growth which include GSM, GPRS/EDGE and WCDMA/HSDPA. Furthermore, long-phrase evolution (LTE) will make its debut ahead of prolonged on the international technical stage. The inception of LTE/SAE (process architecture evolution) network architecture will remodel the charging architecture as follows:
To begin with, the LTE network natural environment requires that operators deploy a network entity to detect and acquire service targeted traffic details, and employ charging handle by interacting with the on the web/offline charging program.
Secondly, LTE/SAE architecture supports access for LTE and 2.5G/3G networks, and also for non 3GPP access style radio techniques this sort of as WLAN and WiMAX. LTE/SAE architecture must allow person terminals' network handover processes that are supported by the charging method.
The 3GPP SAE adopts packet facts network gateway (PDN-GW) among the SAE core network and the PDN, which functions as a data management gateway beneath different entry modes. As a core community central control node, the PDN-GW is related to the GPRS network's GGSN in that it can detect service info flows and employ site visitors selection. The mechanism is connected with the online/offline charging method through the Ro/Rf interface.
The PDN-GW kinds the anchor for various entry modes. It controls connections, disconnections and all entry mode switching. Unified assistance move detection and visitors assortment by means of PDN-GW kind the optimum charging option when LTE/SAE architecture is adopted. On the internet charging really should prompt its corresponding system to handle charging session handover and the tariff alterations that are induced by cellular access mode switching.
Unified Triple-A Interfaces for LTE/SAE
This section details the typical interfaces that are expected for Triple-A diameter to cater the 3GPP and non 3GPP systems:
Wa:The Wa reference stage is outlined between the untrusted non-3GPP IP access and the 3GPP Triple-A Server or Proxy, this reference stage is optionally used to authenticate and authorize the UE for the access to the Evolved Packet Technique (EPS).
Ta:The Ta reference point is outlined amongst the reliable non-3GPP IP access and the 3GPP Triple-A Server or in between the reliable non-3GPP IP access and the 3GPP Triple-A Proxy. This reference stage is employed to transport charging-associated facts and optionally facts about IP Mobility Mode Assortment.
Wm The Wm reference place is defined involving the ePDG and the 3GPP Triple-A Server or in between the dependable non-3GPP IP access and the 3GPP Triple-A Proxy. The Wm reference position is utilized to authenticate and authorize the UE and to transport PMIPv6 related mobility parameters in scenario the UE attaches to the EPC through the 2b and Wn reference details.
Wx:The Wx reference position is outlined involving the 3GPP Triple-A Server and the HSS. The Wx reference level is applied to authorize the UE and to transport PMIPv6 associated mobility parameters in the chained tunnel situations.
S6c:The S6c reference level is outlined among the Serving GW and the 3GPP Triple-A Proxy. The S6c reference point is employed to authorize the UE and to transportation PMIPv6 connected mobility parameters in the chained tunnel situations.
Wn:Reference place between ePDG and a untrusted non-3GPP IP Accessibility Gateway.
Glossary
Triple-A Authentication, Authorization & Accounting
CDF Charging Info Discipline
ePDG Evolved Packet Info Gateway
3GPP 3rd Era Partnership Venture
HPLMN Home General public Land Cell Networks
HSS Home Subscriber Server
PCRF Policy Manage and Charging Function
POC Proof Of Idea
PDNGW Packet Info Community Gateway
RADIUS Remote Authentication Dial In Consumer Company
LTE Lengthy Time period Evolution
SAE Program Architecture Evolution
WLAN Wi-fi LAN Entry Community
UE Consumer Tools
WAG WLAN Accessibility Gateway
REFERENCES:
http://www.lodester.com/Art/382575/28/Tune-Into-The-World-By-Using-Internet-Radio-Gateway.html